Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2022)

2.1. Overview of Linpan Buildings in Western Sichuan

Linpan in Western Sichuan consists of houses, water, forests and fields. At the same time, there are some construction facilities and infrastructure, referred to as “Linpan” and “Lin”, and some are directly named after their surnames. Among them, “house” includes house and courtyard, which refers to building and courtyard refers to courtyard dam.

Most of the Western Sichuan Linpan buildings are traditional residential building style in Western Sichuan. The architectural color is mostly white walls and green tiles. The facade decoration is rich in Western Sichuan residential elements, elegant and concise, and its internal decoration depends on the financial resources of residents [2].

Most of the architectural structures are through bucket wooden structure and mixed structure. The through bucket wooden structure is a common structural system in traditional folk houses. The through brace is used to connect the columns in series to form a room frame. The purlin is directly placed on the column head, and the bucket brace is used to connect the columns in series along the purlin direction. With the transformation of rural houses, it has gradually evolved into mixed structures such as civil engineering, brick and wood. Solid walls such as masonry earth brick wall and plate wall are used as load-bearing walls. Purlins are placed on the load-bearing wall to support the roof, and purlins are stretched out to support the eaves [3].

The architectural layout mainly includes type I, type L, Sanheyuan and Siheyuan. Type I is mostly a plane layout of one row and three rooms. It is the simplest and most basic form of Linpan buildings and is used by small families. With the change of family economic situation, it can be expanded to five rooms, seven rooms and other forms. Type L is mostly a semi-open space composed of two building belts, one horizontal and one along. On the one along the direction, the horizontal type I two to three houses are added through “mo angle”. Sanheyuan is a house with one side added on the basis of type L. The left and right sides are connected by “mo angle”. The houses on both sides are symmetrical or asymmetric, depending on the needs of residents. Siheyuan is built around the courtyard on four sides, which is connected by four “mo angle”. Usually, an entrance and exit are set on one side, commonly known as “Longmen”, and an independent internal environment is formed when the door is closed. At present, the bucket type wooden structure Sanheyuan and Siheyuan preserved in the Linpan are rare and valuable architectural heritage, including the Lijia courtyard in Huaqiu Village, Pingle Town, Qionglai City [4].

2.2. Construction of Evaluation Index System of Linpan Buildings in Western Sichuan

Due to the influence of many factors on the Western Sichuan Linpan buildings, the relationship between factors is also varied. According to the positioning of Western Sichuan Linpan buildings and relationship between various factors, the Western Sichuan Linpan buildings evaluation index system is set into three categories, including primary and secondary index respectively. Three categories of primary index are: architectural structure, architectural style and architectural layout. Considering the main influencing factors in the first type of primary index architectural structure, bucket wooden structure and mixed structure are selected as secondary indexes. The second type of primary index architectural style selects overall architectural style, architectural color and architectural decoration as secondary indexes. The third type of primary index building layout is related to the form of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan and plays an important role in the protection of traditional buildings. Therefore, type I, type L, Sanheyuan and Siheyuan are selected as secondary indexes. Specific indexes are shown in Table 1.

4.1. Constructing Comparison Matrix

The primary index and each secondary index are compared respectively, and the 1–9 scale method in Table 2 is used to scale the two factors and make a quantitative evaluation [5].

The expert survey scoring method is used to determine the evaluation indexes of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan, and the comparison matrix is listed, as shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 & Table 6.

4.2. Calculating the Index Weight

The weight calculation of the index comparison matrix of Western Sichuan Linpan buildings A in Table 3 is as follows:

1. Solving the vector of judgment matrix W:

   W=[113153113531]=[115115]

2. Solving eigenvector:

   W¯1=1153=0.405, W¯2=13=1, W¯3=153=2.466

   Normalize the vector W̅: ∑j=13W¯j=3.871

   Get the weight coefficient: W1=W¯1∑j=1nW¯j=0.105 , W2=W¯2∑j=1nW¯j=0.258 , W3=W¯3∑j=1nW¯j=0.637

   The eigenvector is: ω=[0.1050.2580.637]

3. Solving the maximum eigenvalue λ_max

   PW=[113153113531][0.1050.2580.637]=[0.3180.7851.935]
   λmax=1n∑i=1n(PW)iWi=13[(PW)1W1+(PW)2W2+(PW)3W3]=3.039

4. Consistency test:

   CI=λmax−nn−1=3.039−33−1=0.0193

   Search average random consistency table [6], RI = 0.58, so: CR=CIRI=0.033〈0.1 , pass the consistency test.

It shows that the comparison matrix of an index of Western Sichuan Linpan buildings A has satisfactory consistency. See Table 7 for calculation results.

It can be seen from the weight of primary indicators that the degree of protection of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan is: architectural layout (0.637), architectural style (0.258), architectural structure (0.105). From the results, the architectural layout occupies an important position in the protection of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan.

Through the same method, the secondary index weights of architectural structure B1, architectural style B2 and architectural layout B3 can be obtained. The calculation results are shown in Table 8.

The comprehensive weight of each secondary index is the weight of the primary index corresponding to the secondary index × the weight of the secondary index. The comprehensive weight of each index is shown in Table 9.

It can be seen from Table 9 that the total ranking is Siheyuan (0.3591), followed by Sanheyuan (0.1678), overall architectural style (0.1645), bucket wooden structure (0.0785), type L (0.0750), architectural color (0.0667), type I (0.0350), architectural decoration (0.0271) and mixed structure (0.0262). From the results, Siheyuan, Sanheyuan and overall architectural style occupies an important position in the protection of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan, among which Siheyuan has the greatest impact. Of course, the protection of Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan needs to be tailored. Combined with the impact of various indicators on Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan, corresponding measures should be taken to protect Linpan buildings in Western Sichuan.